You’ve seen the news–skin cancer is a major public health concern in Australia and has one of the highest incidence rates globally. With our country’s unique climate and love for outdoor activities, we are exposed to the sun’s harsh ultraviolet (UV) radiation more frequently than in other parts of the world. Approximately 25 per cent of Australians will be diagnosed with some form of skin cancer by age 70.
While skin cancer affects people of all genders, a striking trend emerges when we delve into the statistics: men are at a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with skin cancer than women. This disparity raises important questions about the factors contributing to the gender gap in skin cancer diagnosis rates.
We will explore the reasons behind the heightened risk for men, discuss preventative measures and emphasise the importance of early detection and treatment.
But first, let’s talk numbers.
Australian skin cancer statistics
Age
Skin cancer incidence generally increases with age. Australians aged 60 and over account for a significant portion of all skin cancer cases, with the highest rates amongst those aged 70 to 79. However, younger Australians are not immune, as melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in people aged 15 to 29.
Gender
Men are more likely to be diagnosed with skin cancer than women. For instance, one study indicates that 1 in 21 women is at risk of developing skin cancer, while the risk for men is higher at 1 in 14. Another source reveals that out of 14,846 individuals diagnosed with melanoma in Australia in 2017, approximately 60% were men. Gender disparities are also noticeable when it comes to mortality rates. In 2020, Australians had a 1 in 228 chance of succumbing to melanoma by age 85. However, men faced a 1 in 166 chance, while women had a lower risk at 1 in 368.
Location
Skin cancer rates in Australia can vary by geographical location, with some states and territories experiencing higher incidence rates than others. Queensland typically has the highest skin cancer rates, followed by Tasmania, New South Wales and Western Australia.
These higher rates may be attributed to climate, sun exposure, and outdoor lifestyle habits. In addition, people living in rural and remote areas may have less access to skin cancer prevention resources and screening services, which could contribute to a higher incidence rate in these regions.
Factors Contributing to Men’s Increased Risk
Biological Factors
Skin Structure
Men’s skin is generally thicker than women’s, with a higher concentration of collagen and elastin fibres but less fat beneath the surface. This difference in skin structure may partially explain the increased risk of skin cancer in men, as it could influence how UV radiation penetrates and damages the skin. Also, research indicates that women’s skin may possess a superior ability to repair the damage inflicted by UV rays.
Hormonal Influences
Some studies suggest that serum-free testosterone, the portion of testosterone hormone in the bloodstream that is not bound to any proteins, is linked to a higher risk of melanoma. Testosterone is an essential hormone produced primarily in the testicles of men and, to a lesser extent, in women’s ovaries. Because men have more of this hormone, they are more susceptible to skin cancer.
Behavioural Factors
Sun Exposure
Men may have a higher cumulative exposure to UV radiation due to their occupation or leisure activities. For example, outdoor workers and those participating in outdoor sports are more likely to be exposed to higher levels of UV radiation, increasing their risk of skin cancer.
Sun Protection Habits
Men are less likely than women to adopt sun-protective behaviours, such as wearing sunscreen, hats, and protective clothing or seeking shade during peak UV hours. This lack of sun protection increases their risk of skin cancer.
Detection and Diagnosis
Self-Examination
Men are less likely to perform regular skin self-examinations, which can help detect early signs of skin cancer. This may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, increasing the risk of more advanced skin cancer stages and poorer outcomes.
Healthcare Utilization
Studies have shown that men are generally less likely to seek medical advice and attend routine health check-ups than women. This may result in fewer opportunities for skin cancer screening, early detection, and intervention, ultimately leading to a higher risk of skin cancer.
Lifestyle Factors
Although these factors may not directly cause skin cancer, they can impact the overall health and immune system, affecting the body’s ability to prevent and fight cancer.
Smoking
Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of various types of cancer, including skin cancer. And men are more likely to smoke than women.
Diet
A healthy diet is crucial in maintaining our overall health and a robust immune system. Consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can provide essential nutrients that help support the body’s natural defences against cancer. However, men are more likely to consume red meat, high-sucrose foods and alcohol, which can increase cancer risk.
Proven Strategies for Reducing Skin Cancer Risk
Proven strategies for reducing skin cancer risk involve a combination of sun protection measures, lifestyle changes, and regular skin checks. Integrating these strategies into your daily routines can effectively lower your risk of developing skin cancer.
Sun Protection
- Use broad-spectrum sunscreen. Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 to all exposed skin areas, even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours and after swimming or sweating.
- Wear protective clothing. Choose long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and wide-brimmed hats made from tightly woven, sun-protective fabrics to shield your skin from UV radiation.
- Seek shade. Limit sun exposure during peak UV hours, usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., by staying in the shade or using a sun umbrella.
- Wear sunglasses. Protect your eyes from UV radiation by wearing sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays.
- Avoid tanning beds. Tanning beds emit harmful UV radiation that can increase your risk of skin cancer. Opt for sunless tanning products, like self-tanners, instead.
Lifestyle Changes
- Maintain a healthy diet. Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats to support your immune system and overall health.
- Don’t smoke. Quit smoking or avoid starting, as smoking can weaken your immune system and increase your risk of various types of cancer, including skin cancer.
- Exercise regularly. Regular physical activity can boost your immune system and overall health, helping your body prevent and fight cancer.
Regular Skin Checks
- Perform self-examinations. Check your skin monthly for any changes or new growths, using a mirror to examine hard-to-see areas. Look for the ABCDEs of melanoma: asymmetry, border irregularity, colour variability, diameter larger than 6mm, and evolving appearance.
- Schedule professional skin checks. Visit a dermatologist or healthcare provider annually for a full-body skin examination. Regular professional skin checks can help detect early signs of skin cancer, increasing the chances of successful treatment.
Schedule your skin checks at Enrich
Early detection through regular self-examinations and professional skin checks plays a crucial role in improving treatment outcomes and reducing the severity of the disease. By prioritising skin cancer screening, you can take control of your health and significantly increase your chances of successful treatment.
Call us today on 9500 9500 to book your skin check in Melbourne.
